“英格麗絲的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品學科欄目之一,專注于考研英語(二)的鉆研。欄目定期分享泰祺英語教研組老師們對詞匯記憶、復習規(guī)劃、做題方法的心得,旨在幫助同學們梳理英語學科知識、掌握解題思路,從而更好地學習、提分。歡迎您持續(xù)關注英格麗絲的微笑,這里有:有料的知識、有趣的驚喜!
本文作者:張南海老師(Coco)
泰祺教育英語教研組老師
想必大家都知道“得閱讀者得天下”這句話,由此可見閱讀理解在英語(二)考試中的重要性。上期我們提供了做主旨題的思路和方法,這期我給大家?guī)黹喿x理解中例證題的解題思路及技巧,請配合真題享用~
什么叫做例證題?
什么叫做例證題?首先我們先看下最典型的例證題長什么樣。
【例1】
The author mentions Colleen’s example to show . (2008, Passage 3, 第54題)
The author uses “IMF” as an example to illustrate the point that . (2008, Passage 4, 第60題)
通過上面兩道真題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)最典型的例證題會出現(xiàn)example這樣的關鍵詞。
不過現(xiàn)在的出題老師可是“壞的很”哦,可不會讓你們那么簡單能看出來這是例證題,來品品這兩道題目:
The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate . (2013, Text 1, 第21題)
McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that . (14年Text 1, 第23題)
相信一定會有些同學認為這是細節(jié)題吧?這兩題算是比較進階的例證題問法了,直接用例子中的關鍵詞,問你該例子是證明什么。需要先判斷出“The joke”和“McRib”在文中是論據(jù),才能判斷出它們是例證題。所以在問法上就增加了難度,一定要仔細辨別哦!
這里要明確一點,例證題考的是論點,而不是論據(jù)本身。因為在英語二閱讀中,我們文章的體裁都是議論文,議論文是由論點和論據(jù)構成的,而所有的例子都是用來證明觀點的。因此,問某個例子證明什么,它考的一定是該例子的論點。
例證題的解題步驟
明確完例證題的考查方向后,我們就可學習它的解題方法了。這里給大家準備了一個思維導圖,記得長按保存哦~
Step 2: 找論據(jù)所對應的論點(80%往論據(jù)前面找,20%往論據(jù)后面找)
注:有80%的情況作者是先寫論點,再寫論據(jù)去證明論點。還有20%的情況作者會先寫論據(jù),再由論據(jù)來引出論點。所以大家找觀點時,要注意論據(jù)前后都留意一下。
Step 3: 選出與論點匹配的選項——畫出選項中的對象,對應原文談論的對象。
例證題真題解析
接下來我們用上面的解題步驟來做2013年英語二真題閱讀。
真題:
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate . (2013 Text 1)
[A] the impact of technological advances
[B] the alleviation of job pressure
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes
讀完題干,發(fā)現(xiàn)出題老師超好心地告訴了我們論據(jù)“The joke”出現(xiàn)在第一段的位置。
Para 1
In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”
找論據(jù)所對應的論點(80%往論據(jù)前面找,20%往論據(jù)后面找)
但讀完第一段,只知道The joke是指現(xiàn)代紡織廠自動化程度很高,并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)論點。這時,我們往后看去找論點。
Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.
通過第二段point一詞,可以得知后文是觀點處,指出這種現(xiàn)象背后的原因,這里提到兩個原因,一個是the big drop in demand,一個是the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution。并且這里出現(xiàn)了轉折連詞but,則語義重心出現(xiàn)轉移,重點在but后,所以作者想強調的原因是“全球化和信息技術的發(fā)展”。
選出與論點匹配的選項——畫出選項中的對象,對應原文談論的對象
21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .
[A] the impact of technological advances 技術進步
[B] the alleviation of job pressure 工作壓力
[C] the shrinkage of textile mills 紡織廠
[D] the decline of middle-class incomes 中產(chǎn)階級收入
畫出選項中的對象后,對應論點中最主要的原因,發(fā)現(xiàn)B、C、D的對象與論點的對象無關,A選項的是“技術進步的影響”,與論點相對應,所以可得出正確答案是A。
是不是發(fā)現(xiàn)這種方法還不錯呢?下面我們再來看2014年英語二真題閱讀Text 1這篇文章的例證題:
真題:
23. McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that . (2014 Text 1)
[A] popularity usually comes after quality
[B] consumers are sometimes irrational
[C] marketing tricks are after effective
[D] rarity generally increases pleasure
這道題問的是:第三段中的提到McRib是為了證明了什么?接下來我們依舊用三步驟來解題。
…... Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib — a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
找論據(jù)所對應的論點(80%往論據(jù)前面找,20%往論據(jù)后面找)
McRib出現(xiàn)在第三段的最后一句話,是論據(jù)部分,很自然的往前句找論點。不難看出這句話其實有兩個論點:
Point A: Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself.
Point B: luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. 在這里有個就近原則:如果觀點中有point A 和 point B,后面的例子則是證明point B的。
所以找論據(jù)所對應的觀點,找和它最近的觀點即可。最后確定下來論點是Point B: luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. 有節(jié)制的消費奢侈品才能帶給人最大的快樂。
選出與論點匹配的選項——畫出選項中的對象,對應原文談論的對象
23.McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that .
[A] popularity usually comes after quality 流行
[B] consumers are sometimes irrational 消費者
[C] marketing tricks are after effective 營銷策略
[D] rarity generally increases pleasure 稀有物
通過劃出對象,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)A、B、C的對象與觀點的對象也無關,D選項的意思是:“稀有的東西可以提升愉悅感”與論點相對應,McRib是為了證明“越稀有的東西越令人愉快并為之所著迷”。所以正確答案選D。
這題的B和C選項都是強干擾選項,不少同學都會掉到坑里,尤其注意的是C選項“營銷策略通常會起效”是論據(jù)本身。做例證題時你會發(fā)現(xiàn),通常有一個選項是論據(jù)本身,不能選!
通過兩道例證題的分析,大家有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn),例證題的解題方法結合文章語義重心的位置,可以快速選出正確答案。同學們一定要多加練習哦~