“英格麗絲的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品學(xué)科欄目之一，專注于考研英語（二）的鉆研。欄目定期分享泰祺英語教研組老師們對詞匯記憶、復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)劃、做題方法的心得，旨在幫助同學(xué)們梳理英語學(xué)科知識、掌握解題思路，從而更好地學(xué)習(xí)、提分。歡迎您持續(xù)關(guān)注英格麗絲的微笑，這里有：有料的知識、有趣的驚喜！
本文作者：張南海老師（Coco）
泰祺教育英語教研組老師
考研英語（二）的閱讀中占比最高的就是細節(jié)題，一般每年在12題左右，有的年份比如2016年細節(jié)題可以多達18題，可見細節(jié)題的重要性。今天我們就介紹一下細節(jié)題的題型，給大家講解如何又快又準拿下細節(jié)題的分數(shù)。
首先細節(jié)題的解題步驟為：
1. 定位：畫出題干中的定位關(guān)鍵詞，找到原文中的定位處
2. 匹配：匹配選項與定位處是否一致
其次細節(jié)題的正確選項一定是文章中給出的直接信息，但又不是照抄一模一樣的表達，所以細節(jié)題正確答案的特征我們可以總結(jié)為如下4種：
1. 個別單詞的同義替換
2. 文章句子的同義改寫
3. 句子/段落的概括濃縮
4. 正話反說
其中考的最多的是“同義替換”和“同義改寫”，這兩種也是較為容易做對的題目，而如果考到“概括濃縮”或者“正話反說”，則題目難度會較高。
下面我們就來用真題演示如何攻克細節(jié)題。
同義替換
24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money .（2014年Text 1第24題）
[A] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[B] has left much room for readers’ criticism
[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US
[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
解析：由題干中的last paragraph和Happy Money可以定位到文章最后一段的最后一句。最后一句指出，大部分人讀完此書后都會認為，它非常值得購買，【A】選項正確。我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)原文的“it was money well spent”是A選項“a worthwhile purchase”的同義替換。
【B】將末段第四句“并非所有人都會贊同書中的某些政策理論”夸大為“留下了許多讀者批評的空間”，并且此句后有轉(zhuǎn)折信號詞“But”可知作者語義重心在最后一句話，所以B選項違背了作者對該書的總體贊同態(tài)度。
【C】 a wider income gap“美國的收入差距”在最后一段中并未提到，屬于無中生有的選項。
【D】利用最后一段首句關(guān)鍵詞readers、fulfillment捏造干擾，但該句意為“該書旨在幫助讀者從‘花錢’中得到滿足”，并非“該書能帶給讀者一種成就感”，故不對。
同義改寫
29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6 ?（2018年Text 2第29題）
[A] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
[B] It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
[C] Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
[D] Its application has boosted battery storage.
The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
解析：根據(jù)題干定位到第五段第②句指出“電池存儲容量的提升使得連續(xù)不斷供電變得更為可能”，與A選項Its continuous supply is becoming a reality “可再生能源有望實現(xiàn)持續(xù)供應(yīng)”是同義改寫，“continuous supply”和原文“keep power flowing around the clock”一致，“is becoming a reality”與原文“keep ... more likely”也為同義表達，故【A】正確。
【D】選項將第五段第②句“電池存儲容量的提升促成清潔能源的持續(xù)供應(yīng)”因果顛倒為“清潔能源的應(yīng)用提升了電池存儲容量”，是強干擾選項。
概括濃縮
24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to .（2016年Text 1第24題）
[A] compete with a future army of programmers
[B] stay longer in the information technology industry
[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world
[D] bring forth innovative computer technologies
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.
解析：根據(jù)題干中l(wèi)ast paragraph、Flatiron students和are expected to定位到文章中最后一段第③句話。首先第②句表明Flatiron的目的不僅限于creating a future army of coders “培養(yǎng)編碼大軍”，隨后第③④句解釋Flatiron的其他目的：計算機也將繼續(xù)影響人們的生活，人們越早接觸計算機知識，了解其思維方式，讓計算機為我所用，就越好，也就是說，F(xiàn)latiron還致力于“使人更好應(yīng)對這個數(shù)字時代”，因此【C】正確。
C選項是對第四段③④句的高度概括濃縮，the digitalized world對應(yīng) These kids are going to be surrounded by computers；而become better prepared對應(yīng)④句The younger they learn...the better.
30. According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may .（2017年Text 2第30題）
[A] make their parents more creative
[B] give their parents some free time
[C] help them with their homework
[D] help them become more attentive
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children. It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words, you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there is no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
解析：根據(jù)題干中Tronick和kids’ use of screens定位到笫四段第③句指出，Tronick認為孩子使用數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品doesn’t mean there is no value to it并非完全沒有好處；它可以使父母抽出時間洗澡、做家務(wù)或者稍作休息，即為【B】選項的“給父母一些自由時間”，正確答案【B】選項為原文第③句it (the screen) gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child的概括濃縮。
正話反說
27. The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .（2016年Text 2第27題）
[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B] would involve fewer agencies in action
[C] granted less federal regulatory power
[D] went against conservation policies
The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered”, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.
解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“threatened” tag、disappointed、environmentalists定位至第二段第③④⑤句。③句首先指出一些環(huán)保主義者對于將該鳥類列為“受威脅物種”感到失望，④句交代原因他們曾經(jīng)一直敦促USFWS將其認定為“瀕危物種”，以賦予聯(lián)邦政府更大的監(jiān)管權(quán)。而題干問的是“受威脅”標簽令一些環(huán)保主義者感到失望是因為什么，正確答案選【C】“聯(lián)邦政府的監(jiān)管權(quán)力較小”這是利用反向同義表達的方法，即正話反說。
即：“呼吁將該鳥類列為瀕危物種以賦予聯(lián)邦政府更大的監(jiān)管權(quán)力” = “對將該物種列為受威脅物種感到失望是因為這一標簽意味著聯(lián)邦政府的監(jiān)管權(quán)力較小”。
難點在于很多同學(xué)看到原文為“greater”而選項為“less”會誤以為錯誤，而選成別的選項，因此“正話反說”是細節(jié)題中最難的一個考法之一。
希望同學(xué)們掌握了細節(jié)題的正確選項的特征之后，可以搞定90%的細節(jié)題，爭取閱讀沖上40分！有任何疑問或想法都歡迎在評論區(qū)留言哦~
