英格麗絲的微笑
“英格麗絲的微笑”是泰祺教育打造的精品學(xué)科欄目之一,專注于考研英語(yǔ)(二)的鉆研。欄目定期分享泰祺英語(yǔ)教研組老師們對(duì)詞匯記憶、復(fù)習(xí)規(guī)劃、做題方法的心得,旨在幫助同學(xué)們梳理英語(yǔ)學(xué)科知識(shí)、掌握解題思路,從而更好地學(xué)習(xí)、提分。歡迎您持續(xù)關(guān)注英格麗絲的微笑,這里有:有料的知識(shí)、有趣的驚喜!
考研英語(yǔ)二的考試大綱寫道:“根據(jù)閱讀材料,考生應(yīng)能理解主旨要義”。所以讀文章,從宏觀上把握全文的中心思想、主旨大意至關(guān)重要。重要性體現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面:
1. 幾乎每年閱讀真題都有對(duì)主旨題的考查。
2. 把握好全文主旨有利于我們攻克其它題型。
下面我們就來(lái)看看如何攻克主旨題。
如何判別主旨題
要想拿下主旨題,第一步需要同學(xué)們可以迅速判別出什么樣的題是主旨題。主旨題的題干標(biāo)志詞主要如下:
mainly about 主要關(guān)于;
mainly discuss 主要討論;
mainly talk about 主要討論;
the best/suitable/approximate/proper title 最好的/合適的標(biāo)題;
main idea 主旨,主要觀點(diǎn);
summarize 總結(jié);
focus on 集中于,等等。
另外,提醒一下,主旨題大多數(shù)時(shí)候出現(xiàn)在文章的第五題。
此外,還需要注意主旨題的三個(gè)要點(diǎn):
1. 包含中心詞,即文章反復(fù)談?wù)摰膶?duì)象;
2. 包含準(zhǔn)確的方向,即觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度、舉措等詞匯;
3. 全面。
解題思路
判別完畢,了解完主旨題要點(diǎn),就可以介紹我們正式的解題方法了。給大家提供三種不同的解題思路。
解讀:所謂在題干中高頻出現(xiàn),指的是在5個(gè)題干中出現(xiàn)大于等于2次的原詞或者同義詞,中心詞可以有1-2個(gè)。
解讀:全文主旨句大多數(shù)時(shí)候出現(xiàn)在首段末句或第2段首句的轉(zhuǎn)折處;重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn);對(duì)開(kāi)頭問(wèn)句的回答;獨(dú)句段。
解讀:段落主旨句一般出現(xiàn)在段落首句,把每段首句串聯(lián)以及末段末句串聯(lián)起來(lái)可以找到全文主旨,注意轉(zhuǎn)折處。
如果能夠用“詞”解決的可以用“詞”解決,“詞”解決不了的,可以用“一句”解決,“一句”解決不了的也可以借助“幾句”來(lái)解決。當(dāng)然如果時(shí)間充足,也可以多重保險(xiǎn),相互印證。
那我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子。
真題解析
例1: 2016年Text 3
35.The best title for this text could be .
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading (如何享受輕松閱讀)
[B] How to Find Time to Read (如何找到時(shí)間閱讀)
[C] How to Set Reading Goals (如何設(shè)定閱讀目標(biāo))
[D] How to Read Extensively(如何進(jìn)行廣泛閱讀)
31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because .
32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .
33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .
34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if .
35. The best title for this text could be .
例2:2017年 Text 3
35. The most suitable title for this text would be .
[A] In Favor of the Gap Year(支持間隔年)
[B] The ABCs of the Gap Year(間隔年的基本知識(shí))
[C] The Gap Year Comes Back(間隔年再度興起)
[D] The Gap Year: A Dilemma(間隔年:一個(gè)艱難抉擇)
31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .
33. The word “acclimation” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .
34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them .
35. The most suitable title for this text would be .
分析:通過(guò)對(duì)五個(gè)題干的觀察,a gap year(間隔年) 是高頻中心詞,但是ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有the gap year, 所以這個(gè)方法不能幫助我們找到答案,我們?cè)偻抡伊硪粋€(gè)方法。
如上文所說(shuō),全文主旨句一般在首段末句或第2段首句的轉(zhuǎn)折處;重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn);對(duì)開(kāi)頭問(wèn)句的回答;獨(dú)句段。
句:第2段首句But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.
分析:這篇文章第2段首句有轉(zhuǎn)折詞but, 這句話的意思是:但是盡管這可能是對(duì)的,但這不足以成為譴責(zé)(condemn)間隔年的理由。那作者對(duì)間隔年的態(tài)度是正面的。因此可以選擇A選項(xiàng)In Favor of the Gap Year(支持間隔年)。
同學(xué)們還可以嘗試用第三種方法做噢。
例3:2010年 Text 1
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be .
[A] Fluctuation of Art Prices (藝術(shù)品價(jià)格的波動(dòng))
[B] Up-to-date Art Auctions(最新的藝術(shù)品拍賣)
[C] Art Market in Decline(衰退的藝術(shù)品市場(chǎng))
[D] Shifted Interest in Arts(對(duì)藝術(shù)品的興趣變化)
21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst’s sale was referred to as “a last victory” because .
22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Line 1~2, Para. 3), the author suggests that .
23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are .
25. The most appropriate title for this text could be .
分析:五個(gè)題干中沒(méi)有明顯高頻詞,可以跳到下一步。
無(wú)明顯全文主旨句,可以再跳到下一步。
主1首句:The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008.
主2首句:The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.
主3首句:In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.
主4首句:The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.
主5首句:What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market.
末段末句:But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.
分析:可以看到,高頻出現(xiàn)在各段句首的詞為the art market(藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)),觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有C選項(xiàng)Art Market in Decline(衰退的藝術(shù)品市場(chǎng)) 包含中心詞;同時(shí),我們也可以看出來(lái),ended(結(jié)束);losing momentum(失去勢(shì)頭);unfashionable(過(guò)時(shí));downturn(衰退);worst(最糟糕);slump(驟跌)都是負(fù)面方向的詞,和C選項(xiàng)中的decline(衰退)方向一致。
今天的內(nèi)容就到這里啦,同學(xué)們也可以針對(duì)性地對(duì)歷年真題中的主旨題進(jìn)行練習(xí),我們下期再見(jiàn)。有任何疑問(wèn)或想法都?xì)g迎在評(píng)論區(qū)留言哦~